Osteochondrosis is a chronic disease expressed symptomatically by distributions in joint cartilage. The greatest frequency occurs the osteochondrosis of the spine, when changes in intervertebral discs and intervertebral joints are produced. Depending on the location, cervical, thoracic and lumbar osteochondrosis are distinguished. Osteochondrosis is also often found, in which all spinal parts suffer. The pathology requires consultation with a doctor and an integrated approach to treatment.
Description
The diseases of the spine, like other chronic diseases, are quickly "making younger. "If before the pain in the back and the joints bothered the elders, today patients aged 18 to 30 are treating doctors more and more.
Scientists consider that the frankness of a person is a prerequisite for the development of this disease, an osteochondrosis is also facilitated by a prolonged sitting position. In addition, with age, joint cartilage loses elasticity and elasticity; Intervertebral discs lose moisture and crash absorption capacity, become vulnerable at the time of physical effort.
Reasons
The causes of cervical osteochondrosis are found in loads and affect the cervical region in different circumstances. Consequently, the neck muscles begin to decrease intensely, thus compensating this load, as a result of which a spasm occurs, as well as a violation of the blood flow in this area.
- Violation of posture scoliosis, inclination, round back, kyphosis and other posture disorders, even if they are insignificant, cause a serious violation of the balance of the spine. As a result, the load on the intervertebral discs is distributed unequally, which causes its deformation and greater wear. The vertebrae begin to approach, causing infraction of nerve processes, cervical osteochondrosis develops quite fast. Similar consequences have posture violations caused by a change in the natural position of the ribs.
- Muscle spasms Spasmodic reactions of the back muscles, the breast, the press can lead to the fact that the individual parts of the body are very tense. As a result, the general equilibrium position of the body is disturbed, causing a change in the position of the spine. Deformations can affect the region of the cervical region or other parts of the spinal column, causing osteochondrosis of thorax, cervical and lumbar parts.
- Blood supply violation, since vertebrates do not have a direct connection with the circulatory system, they receive nutrition from the surrounding tissues. The violation of the blood supply to the cervical column leads to the fact that the discs do not receive enough liquids for rehydration (the restoration of the shape due to moisture absorption) and the renewal of the cartilage tissue. As a result, its wear accelerates, there is a decrease in distances between the vertebrae of the cervical region, which leads to osteochondrosis.
- Innervation violation, a decrease in the sensitivity of nerve roots leads to pathological changes in its structure, as a result of which the patient displacement and deformation of the vertebrae of the cervical region go unnoticed by the patient. After all, the pain is absent due to sensitivity disorders.
- The diseases of the internal organs are the incorrect position of the internal organs, their displacement and decrease due to several dysfunctions leads to a violation of the general balance in the body. As a result, this acutely affects the position of the spinal column: the lumbar vertebrae move and deform, which leads to the corresponding types of osteochondrosis.
In general, the osteochondrosis of the cervical region develops due to the effects of adverse external factors that violate the natural balance position of the spine and other systems of the human body.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of cervical osteochondrosis begins with the collection of all the necessary information about the patient. The specialist asks about complaints that bother the person, is interested in their professional activities, as well as how his weekend spends. An important point is the presence of osteochondrosis in parents, grandparents, because this is a disease of hereditary nature.
Then, the doctor proceeds directly to the patient's visual exam. Study the cervical compartment and its back to the curvature of the posture, palpate the cervical region. This allows a specialist to evaluate the degree of development of the disease, because in advanced cases, the palpation of the cervical region causes acute pain.
When examining, you should pay attention:
- on the severity of cervical lordosis;
- the height of the shoulders in the patient;
- the possibility of asymmetry of supraqueo areas;
- the possibility of neck asymmetry (for example, a consequence of congenital pathology or sharp muscle spasm);
- The condition of the muscles of the shoulder waist and the upper extremities (for example, the muscular atrophy of one side can indicate a compression of the cervical spinal column);
- The chin location: the chin is normal must be located along the midline;
- The neck movement (flexion extinguction, tilting the right and rotation and rotation).
Palpation is carried out in the patient's initial position:
- lying on the back;
- lying on the stomach;
- Sitting in a chair.
The study of the volume of movements is also carried out. It is carried out in the initial position of the patient sitting in a chair (to fix another column).
Distinguish the following basic movements in the cervical region:
- flexion;
- extension;
- He leans to the right and left;
- Rotation.
Around half of the flexion and extension volume occurs between the back of the head, the vertebrae of C1 and C2. The rest of the movement is carried out due to the underlying vertebrae, with a large scale of movements in the C5-C7 vertebrae. The lateral inclinations are distributed evenly among all vertebrae.
To make a diagnosis with precision, additional studies are prescribed:
- X -Ray of the cervical region. This method is appropriate in the early stages of the disease, but it can be useless in advanced ways.
- CT (computerized tomography). It allows you to see structural changes in the vertebrae, but with the help of this method it is impossible to determine the size of the hernia between the vertebrae.
- Magnetic resonance is considered the most effective method to diagnose cervical osteochondrosis. You can determine the size of the hernia between the discs, as well as the degree of its development.
- The doctor can also prescribe a duplex exploration that allows him to determine a violation of normal blood circulation in the arteries.
Treatment
The treatment of cervical osteochondrosis is a complex therapy that includes taking medications, gels, as well as several physiotherapeutic measures. An important role is played by therapeutic gymnastics, as well as the massage of the problematic area.
Medicine
It is impossible to eliminate the consequences of degenerative changes in the column without drug use. The use of medicines in the treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical region is one of the main points of the complex cure approach, used by the majority of specialists in traditional medicine.
It is designed to solve several problems, including:
- Stop the pain symptom and eliminate the inflammatory process;
- eliminate muscle spasm;
- stimulate the cartilage regeneration and bone tissue cells;
- Strengthen body protective properties, increase immunity;
- Improve the general condition by eliminating other symptoms that interfere with recovery.
Depending on these purposes, all medications prescribed by a doctor suffering from cervical osteochondrosis can be conditionally divided into the following groups:
- Analgesics (non -steroid medications that relieve pain).
- Anti -inflammatory (steroids) are hormonal drugs that relieve inflammatory phenomena and, therefore, eliminate pain.
- Condroprotectors are drugs that contain substances that replace the cartilage tissue components: chondroitin, hyaluronic acid.
- Musorelaxantes. These are drugs that relax muscle tone. They are used in surgery and orthopedics as auxiliary remedies to stop pain. These medications are administered by parentel and, therefore, always under the supervision of a doctor.
- VitaminsWith the osteochondrosis of the cervical region, vitamins are prescribed, beneficially affecting the peripheral nervous system and improving conductivity. Water soluble vitamins: B1, B6, B12, Fat soluble vitamins: A, C, D, E. In recent years, combined drugs containing analgesics and vitamin components more frequently.
- Ointments and gels for external use.
Physiotherapeutic
The main objective of physiotherapeutic treatment is to stimulate the process of regeneration in the body and eliminate pain. The most popular methods in the treatment of cervical condrosis are the following:
- Ultrasound. Physiylization with ultrasound waves is used to relieve serious pain manifestations and inflammatory reaction. Ultrasound is to massage neck tissue, after which metabolism is activated.
- Vibration massage. The impact on the pain area during vibration massage is through mechanical oscillatory movements. For the proper behavior of this physiotherapy, strips vibrators are generally used.
- ElectrophoresisThis method to perform physiotherapeutic care for cervical osteochondrosis is carried out using dididamic and modulated currents, as well as electric fields when the body is administered in the tissues of medications. Electrophoresis relieves spasmodic syndromes and eliminates pain in inflamed muscles.
- MagnetotherapyThe essence of magnetotherapy as physiotization in the osteochondrosis of the cervical region is explained by the use of constants or variables of fields with a magnet, a frequency of different sizes. This method can help the patient eliminated pain and stop the inflammatory process at home. The procedure is often carried out at home after acquiring a special magnetographic device.
- Dutochoenzor-therapy. Currently, a fairly popular physiotherapy method, which consists of stretching the spinal column under the patient's body mass. To carry out this procedure, an organized mattress is necessary in a special way, which has inclined ribs and change the location under the weight of its own body. Muscle tone stands, which leads to your relaxation.
- Laser therapy. The laser has a complex effect on the inflammation approach, activates biological processes in nervous system tissues. This allows you to obtain a positive effect of treatment. A complex effect on the body consists of the anti -inflammatory, analgesic and wound healing effect. A laser treatment procedure should not exceed 15 minutes. This is the optimal time of the Helic-Neon Laser Sector Exhibition in the affected areas. In this case, the duration of the laser in a pain should not exceed 2 minutes.
- Balneotherapy. The benefits of mineral water are known for a long time, this is what is based on balneotherapy. The procedure implies the active use of water resources in the treatment of osteochondrosis. In addition to the adoption of bathrooms, different types of souls and active swimming in the pool, therapy implies the use of therapeutic mud applications to painful areas of the body. The therapeutic effect is achieved by the simultaneous effect of chemically active substances contained in the water in various temperature conditions. The technique allows you to stop pain syndrome improving local microcirculation in tissues.
Exercise therapy
It should be remembered that exercise therapy is not carried out when signs of exacerbation begin: pain. After the LFK complex, they can intensify and cause inconveniences.
There are a number of general recommendations for collection:
- Physical education must take place inside with good ventilation, an excellent option in the street.
- Classes are carried out only during the period of remission of the disease (when there are no symptoms).
- Clothes in exercising therapy is supposed to be wide, not shameful movements and breathing.
- All movements are soft, the amplitude and the number of repetitions gradually increase.
- If the pain begins, you must stop the lesson immediately.
- Precedes classes and ends pressure and pulse measurements. When these indicators differ from normal, the load must be reduced.
- It is advisable to listen to your breathing throughout the lesson, this will increase efficiency. All stretching exercises are carried out in exhalation.
- It is very important to gradually increase the load and the number of repetitions, this will reduce the risk of injuries and avoid excessive work.
- The exercises are important to function regularly, so you can achieve a quick result.
- Before starting independent classes, you must consult a doctor and agree with him a set of exercises.
Recommended exercises in the initial position lying on the stomach:
- The head is at the end on the forehead, with your hands on the back of the head, the elbows parallel to the floor. Lift your head with the hands of the floor, keep this position in 4 accounts, lower and relax. Repeat 2-4 times.
- The head is at the hole stop, the palms under the chin. Time on time, stretch your arms forward, two, extended to the sides, three, stretch forward, four, the initial position. Repeat 2-4 times.
- Extended hands forward. Swimming the "rabbit" style, repeated 4-8 times.
- Palms under the chin, emphasis on the palm of the forehead. Alternatively, drawing the heel from the buttocks. Repeat 4-8 times.
Recommended exercises in the initial position lying aside (to the right, then left):
- The right hand extends, the right ear is in it, raises the right hand with the head, keeps the position in 4 accounts, lower and relaxed. Repeat 2-4 times.
- The left hand rests on the floor in front of the chest, the left leg makes the movements of the fly from one side to another. Repeat 6-8 times.
- The left hand along the body, lift your left hand up and out, below, lower. Repeat 2-4 times.
- The left hand on the thigh. Raising both knees to the chest to exhalation, straightened the legs in inspiration. Repeat the exercises 2-4 times.